Socioeconomics, Coffee, Cotton, Cashewnut, Wheat, Barley, Roots, Grains, Beans, Coconut, Oilseeds, Sunflower, Maize, Horticulture, Sisal, Banana, Viticulture, Sorghum, Pyrethrum, Tobacco, Special Programmes, (Soil, Agroforestry, Engineering), Dairy, Beef, Ruminant, Pastures Diseases.
The National Coffee Research Programme undertakes research on both arabica and robusta coffee.
The broad objectives of the programme are to:
Cotton
The cotton research programme which is nationally coordinated from the ARI-Ukiriguru, is subdivided into two growing areas viz. Western Cotton Growing Area (WCGA) and Eastern Cotton Growing Area (ECGA).While Ukiriguru caters for WCGA, ARI-Ilonga caters for the ECGA in cotton research.
The cotton research programme has the overall objective to produce high yielding varieties as well as improved production technologies, for the varying environmental conditions prevailing in the growing areas.
Cashewnut
Cashewnut is the main cash crop of southern regions of Tanzania and is also grown, to a lesser extent, in other regions, particularly along the coast. It is predominantly grown by smallholder farmers on about 400,000 hectares in mono- or mixed-crop production systems. Large scale private plantations occupy only about 2,000 hectares in Lindi and Mtwara regions. Cashewnuts remain to be one of the leading foreign exchange earners of Tanzania, and a gradual increase in production has been observed since 1987/1988 season.
The Cashew Improvement programme based at the Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute aims at increasing cashewnut production by the development of effective, efficient and practical solutions to constraints faced by farmers; this is particularly assisted by the farming systems approach to agricultural research.
Integrated Cashew Management (ICM) strategies have the aim to increase nut yields above average for all farmers through choice of proper crop management system, use of potential higher yielding cashew material, and facilitate a learning process in which participating farmers and scientists develop a mutual understanding of the cashew ecology and cashew-based farming systems.
Pyrethrum
The Pyrethrum Research Programme which is coordinated from ARI-Uyole conducts trials on breeding, adaptability, intercropping, fertilizers and weed control in Mbeya and Iringa regions.
Tobacco
The Tobacco Research Programme is nationally coordinated from ARI-Tumbi. Tobacco research on nematode control, variety comparison, and fertilizers is conducted at Seatondale sub-station; whereas control of nematodes and aphids, sucker control and variety comparison is executed at ARI - Tumbi.
Sisal
The Sisal Research Programme, nationally coordinated from ARI-Mlingano basically has trials in Tanga, Coast and Morogoro regions where sisal is most grown. The main research thrust is to increase the yield per unit area and increase resistance to diseases and insect attack through breeding, agronomy and plant protection trials.
Viticulture
The Viticulture Research Programme is based at Makutopora-Dodoma Region. The programme is involved with research on the grape plant and its products. The main objectives of the programme are: 1) to improve grape production through improved cultivars; 2) to advise farmers on the best agronomic packages for grape production; and 3) to help farmers get the cheapest wine processing techniques using naturally available resources.
Coconut
The national coconut research programme is based at ARI-Mikocheni with the mandate to execute coconut research in the country. It is responsible for the folowing research activities: development of integrated pest management measures (IPM) against Pseudotheraptus wayii, breeding planting materials adapted to prevailing conditions with emphasis on East African Tall (EAT) coconut population, conducting disease resistance trials against the lethal disease, conducting on-farm and on-station experiments to test different agronomic practices, improvement of small scale coconut oil processing technologies, embryo culture and use of biotechnology for pathogen diagnosis and genome analysis.
Oilseeds
The National Oilseed Research Programme covers sesame (Sesamum indicum) and groundnut (Arachis hypogeae). The programme is executed and coordinated at ARI-Naliendele, Mtwara, with the objectives to develop varieties with high yielding potential, resistance to inset pests and diseases and with good agronomic attributes. During the review season research activities were conducted with respect to breeding, agronomy and plant protection.
Sunflower
The National Sunflower Research Programme is coordinated from ARI-Ilonga and has the following objectives: 1) to identify and develop sunflower varieties adapted to conditions in the main production areas of Tanzania, with emphasis placed on high oil content and high yield potential, good resistance to diseases and desirable agronomic characteristics; 2) to study current production practices and constarints, and identify types of improved varieties farmers require; 3) to identify best cultural practices for farmers, and 4) to identify important disease and pest problems and find appropriate methods of control. Research activities is undertaken in three main disciplines namely, breeding, agronomy and pathology.
Maize
The objectives of the National Maize Research Programme are 1) to develop high yielding stable hybrids and varieties suitable for the high intermediate and low altitude maize producing areas; 2) to develop improved management practices for the major growing areas; 3) to evaluate varieties, hybrids and management practices in research stations and farmers' fields; and 4) to maintain maize germplasm and produce breeder seed.
Wheat
The ultimate purpose of wheat improvement is the development and maintenance of high yielding varieties adapted for use in a given region. The aim of the program is to produce varieties superior in yields and agronomic characteristics than the old ones in the shortest possible time. Many factors and plant characteristics are involved in the process. Of these, the most important is resistance to the diseases, rust being the most severe. Other factors are moisture stress and high temperatures. The environments where wheat is grown in Tanzania, are characterised as highly variable and unpredictable in terms of rainfall, temperatures, soils as well as diseases and pests.
Barley
Barley research programme is coordinated from ARI Selian and executes research activities in collaboration with ARI-Uyole, Tanzania Breweries Ltd., and Tanganyika Wattle Company (TANWAT).
Barley research is conducted under three main disciplines namely: barley improvement, crop protection, and agronomy. Activities for barley improvement include developing and selecting barley lines tolerant to drought, pests and diseases; and also with promising malting and brewing qualities. Plant protection is mainly involved with testing fungicides and insecticides for control of diseases and pests respectively.
Grain Legumes
The National Grain Legume Research Programme deals mainly with cowpea, pigeonpea, greengram and soybean. The broad objectives of the programme are to develop high yielding varieties with resistance to important diseases and insect pests, and to identify and develop crop management practices which are practical and economical for grain-legume production in Tanzania. Research activities are co-ordinated from ARI-Ilonga.
Phaseolus Beans
The National Phaseolus Beans Research Programme executes research activities from three institutions, namely, Uyole, SUA and ARI Selian which is the coordinating centre for the programme. The national mandate for the programme is to increase bean production through faster transfer of technology to bean farmers and provision of high yielding cultivars which are resitant to major diseases and insect pests
Horticulture
In Tanzania, horticultural crop research is nationally coordinated from HORTI-Tengeru. Apart from HORTI-Tengeru, the following institutions execute horticultural research activities: ARI -Uyole, Sokoine University of Agriculture, and Chollima (Dakawa) Agro-scientific Research Centre. Horticultural research on vegetables, fruits and flowers concentrate its activities with respect to agronomy, plant protection, and crop improvement.
Banana/Plantain
The banana research programme coordinated from ARI-Maruku conducts with trials at Maruku itself, HORTI-Tengeru and Sokoine Univerity of Agriculture (SUA). The programme put more emphasis on disease and pest control, breeding and soil fertility activities.
Root & Tuber Crops
Roots and tuber crops research is executed by seven research institutes/centres namely Tengeru, Kibaha, Chollima, Uyole, Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) and Ukiriguru, which is also the coordinating centre for the whole programme.
The main objectives of the programme are to:
Dairy cattle
The programme include research breeding for the optimum dairy production in Humid Coastal Belt of Tanzania; Investigations into Crosses of Boran and Friesian for Milk Production at LRC-Tanga; Feeding and Management Interventions for Improved Ruminants in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania
Beef Cattle
This programme concentrates on breeding for the optimum use of Tanzania Short Horn Zebu Cattle;
Small Ruminant
Introduction of Milk Goats in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania; Evaluation and Breeding of Blended Goats for Dairy Purpose in Tanzania
Pastures & Forages
THe research activities on pastures and forages programme include Introduction and Evaluation of Pastures and Forages; Multilocational Forage Germplasm Evaluation Trial; Lablab Bean (Lablab purpureus) and Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) Leaf Meals and Urea as Sources of N to Goat Diet Based on Mature Chloris gayana Hay: Biological and Economic Evaluation; Sesbania Evaluation Trial;pasture Species Introduction and Evaluation; Pasture Production and Utilization; Indigenous Knowledge in Utilization of Local Trees and Shrubs for Sustainable Livestock Production in Central Tanzania; The Role of Trees and Shrubs in Livestock Production in Tanzania; Evaluation of Multipurpose Trees (MPT); Grass/Legume Mixture Trial; Germplasm Evaluation Programme at Uyole; Yield and Quality of Promising Grasses When Grown Alone or in Mixture With Legumes; Species Evaluation at Nkundi; Yield and Quality of Three Selected Grasses in Mixture With Legumes at Uyole; Yield and Quality Improvement of Teosinte When Intercropped With Four Selections of Lablab.
Animal Diseases
Research on animal diseases, parasites and disease vectors is centred at the Animal Disease Research Institute (ADRI) in Temeke, Dar es Salaam. Specialized research on tsetse and ticks is carried out at the Trypanosomiasis and Tsetse Research Institute (TTRI) in Tanga and the Tropical Pesticides Research Institute (TPRI) in Arusha. Futhermore, animal disease research is carried out at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA).
Soil & Water Management
The soil and fertilizer use, and water management programme research activities are coordinated from ARI-Mlingano. Other centres doing research in the field include: ARI-Ukiriguru, ARI-Naliendele, ARI-Selian, ARI-Uyole, ARI-Ilonga, ARI-Maruku and Chollima Agro-Scientific Research Centre (Dakawa).
Research priorities, opportunities and challenges are geared towards development of appropriate technologies and methods that can enhance recovery of the degraded soils (soil resilience), a concept that had not been touched in the past research projects.
Agroforestry
The National Agroforestry Research Programme is coordinated from ARI-Tumbi, Tabora (Western Zone). Research activities in agroforestry also take place at the Tanzania/ICRAF Agroforestry Project (Shinyanga), ARI-Naliendele, ARI-Ilonga, ARI-Uyole, LPRI- Mpwapwa ARI-Ukiriguru, ARI-Selian, the Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI) and Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA).
Main thrust of the Agroforestry Research Programme is to evaluate multipurpose trees for soil fertility improvement, fodder and fuelwood and indigenous fruit production.
Agricultural Engineering
The Agricultural Engineering Research Programme conducts its activities at ARI- Uyole and ARI - Selian, with the former being the national coordinating centre. Research activities on agricultural engineering are also carried out at Sokoine University of Agriculture. The broad objectives of the programme are:
Socioeconomics research aims at supporting the development, testing and disseminating improved technologies to help increase agricultural productivity in sustainable manner, and eventually to improve the welfare of farm families. Socioeconomic research process brings a farm-level economic perspective to research and integrate information from various sources (e.g. farm-level survey and on-farm experiments) for use in developing appropriate technologies.
Socioeconomic research activities in Tanzania are carried out by Socioeconomics Units in seven agricultural zones which currently follow administrative boundaries. These are Eastern Zone, Central Zone, Lake Zone, Northern Zone, Southern Highlands Zone, Southern Zone, and Western Zone. The National Coordination Unit (NCU) of the Socioeconomics activities is based at the headquarters of the Division of Research and Development, and coordinates all socioeconomics activities in the country.
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